







Timeline of medicine and medical technology
2600s BC -
Imhotep wrote texts describing diagnosis and treatment of 200 diseases in
3rd dynasty Egypt.
1500s BC -
Saffron used as a medicine on the Aegean island of Thera in ancient Greece
500 BC -
Sushruta wrote Sushruta Samhita describing over 120 surgical instruments,
300 surgical procedures and classified human surgery in 8 categories; also
performed cosmetic surgery
420 BC -
Hippocrates begins the scientific study of medicine by maintaining that
diseases have natural causes and puts forth the
Hippocratic Oath, marking the birth of modern medicine
280 BC -
Herophilus studies the nervous system and distinguishes between sensory
nerves and motor nerves
250 BC -
Erasistratus studies the brain and distinguishes between the cerebrum and
cerebellum
50-70
-
Pedanius Dioscorides writes De Materia Medica - a precursor of modern
pharmacopeias that was in use for almost 1600 years
180 -
Galen studies the connection between paralysis and severance of the spinal
cord
1242 -
Ibn an-Nafis suggests that the right and left ventricles of the heart are
separate and describes the lesser circulation of blood
1249 -
Roger Bacon writes about convex lens spectacles for treating
long-sightedness
1403 -
Venice implements a quarantine against the
Black Death
1451 -
Nicholas of Cusa invents concave lens spectacles to treat myopia
early
16th century:
Paracelsus, an alchemist by trade, rejects occultism and pioneers the use of
chemicals and minerals in medicine
1543 -
Andreas Vesalius publishes De Fabrica Corporis Humani which corrects Greek
medical errors and revolutionizes medicine
1546 -
Girolamo Fracastoro proposes that epidemic diseases are caused by
transferable seedlike entities
1553 -
Miguel Serveto describes the lesser circulation of blood through the lungs
1559 -
Realdo Colombo describes the lesser circulation of blood through the lungs
in detail
1603 -
Girolamo Fabrici studies leg veins and notices that they have valves which
only allow blood to flow toward the heart
1628 -
William Harvey explains the vein-artery system and structure of the heart in
De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis
1701 -
Giacomo Pylarini gives the first smallpox inoculations
1747 -
James Lind discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy
1763 - Claudius Aymand performs the first successful appendectomy
1790s -
Samuel Hahnemann rages against the prevalent practice of bloodletting as a
universal cure and founds homeopathy
1796 -
Edward Jenner develops a smallpox vaccination method
1800 -
Humphry Davy announces the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide
1816 -
Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope
1842 -
Crawford Long performs the first surgical operation using anasthesia
1847 -
Ignaz Semmelweis studies and prevents the transmission of puerperal fever
1870 -
Louis Pasteur and
Robert Koch establish the germ theory of disease
1881 - Louis Pasteur develops an anthrax vaccine
1882 - Louis Pasteur develops a rabies vaccine
1890 -
Emil von Behring discovers antitoxins and uses them to develop tetanus and
diphtheria vaccines
1906 - Frederick Hopkins suggests the existence
of vitamins and suggests that a lack of vitamins causes scurvy and rickets
1907 -
Paul Ehrlich develops a chemotherapeutic cure for sleeping sickness
1921 -
Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes
rickets
1923 First vaccine for
Diphtheria
1926 First vaccine for
Pertussis
1927 First vaccine for
Tuberculosis
1927 First vaccine for
Tetanus
1928 -
Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
1932 -
Gerhard Domagk develops a chemotherapeutic cure for streptococcus
1935 First vaccine for
Yellow Fever
1952 -
Jonas Salk develops the first polio vaccine
1962 First Oral Polio Vaccine
1964 First vaccine for
Measles
1967 First vaccine for
Mumps
1970 First vaccine for
Rubella
1981 First vaccine for
Hepatitis B
Medicine has come a long way. Thanks to the evolution of technology in
this field, important findings, have provided us with longer and healthier
lives. Bergeron states, "Prior to the development of clinical computing
systems, the processes involved in creating, capturing, and retrieving clinical
data weren't a major concern for most clinicians. Patient data were presented by
residents to the attending physician during rounds, and orders were simply
dictated to a nurse. Furthermore, the process of filing and retrieving a medical
chart was the concern of the medical records department -- as long as retrieval
was timely" (Bergeron). He provides this information to allow
the reader to imagine the difficulty and stress those in the medical field had
to go through for each patient without making it hectic because it was the only
way. Today, with the use of a computer personal information and diagnosis
can be retrieved in a blink of an eye. This is a minimal problem that was
present when computers were absent.