ENGL 0311 How to Organize a Paper (Arrangement)

How to Organize a Text (Arrangements)

Organizing Strategy	Explanation of the Strategy
Chronological	What happens first, what follows later. A narrative or story.
Geographical	Content of paper is organized place-by-place.
Logical (Cause and Effect)	Chains of reasoning. Can also be organized as Cause-Effect-Indirect results.
Evidentiary	Facts, figures, trends and statistics (evidence), starting with the most important, crediting all sources.
Listing	Lists of items (e.g. Seven ways to write better essays)..
Description	A verbal snapshot of a scene, sight or phenomenon, organized physically (from top to bottom, right to left, etc.) or psychologically.
Comparison/ Contrast	A static snapshot examining the similarities and/or differences between things. Items being compared should be in some way comparable.
Problem/ Solution/ Resolution	Descriptions of a problem situation, of actions proposed or taken to solve the problem, and details of the actual or expected situation afterwards. "Problem / Solution" is a more elementary version of this strategy.
Balance of Forces	Dynamic analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of opposing sides, forces, ideas, tendencies or proposals in any given situation. May include history or projections of which side, force or tendency may become dominant in the future.
Classification	Placement of things, ideas or processes into categories and classes to differentiate between them.
Process Analysis	Explanation of how something is done or why something has happened or is happening. May include projections of future steps in a process.
Compilation	A brief consolidation of information about a single subject or question from several other sources, written in your own words and crediting the original sources. Sources should be similar in reliability, subject and scope.
Summary	A brief condensation of a single other, longer source, written in your own words and crediting the original source.

Advantages and disadvantages of the various strategies.

Organizing Strategy Advantages of Strategy Disadvantages of Strategy

Chronological Easy to write and to follow. Sometimes too simplistic, may lack explanation.

Logical (Cause and Effect) Simple, clean. Cold, unfeeling. Chains of reasoning may be too complicated for readers to understand. May become boring.

Evidentiary Factual, convincing. Facts, figures, trends and statistics may sound lawyer-like and lack warmth,

Listing Easy to write and understand. Boring if done too often. Oversimplifies complex issues and situations.

Description Picturesque, easy for reader to imagine. Describes situations in a static form, rather than developing processes (like a painting or photo rather than the ongoing narrative that is reality).

Comparison/ Contrast Easy to understand similarities and contrasts between two items. Most often describes a static situation, rather than a developing relationship. Becomes too complex to understand if more than two items are compared or contrasted together. May oversimplify complex relationships.

Problem/ Solution/ Resolution Easy to understand narrative of events or plans. Long descriptions or narratives may lose the attention of readers. If resolution is not yet complete, may get into speculation instead of merely information.

Balance of Forces Very easy for readers to understand opposing forces. A type of comparison. Becomes too complex if more than two primary forces are involved in any opposing situation. Future projections may involve speculation.
Classification Simple to read and write. Boring.

Process Analysis Explains dynamic processes clearly. Recipe-like. Explanation of real-world processes can easily become too detailed or complex for readers to follow. Analysis of future steps in a process may involve speculation.

Compilation Allows reader to access information from several sources, compare what they say. Not original, only putting together what other sources say. If sources are not comparable a compilation becomes meaningless.

Summary Allows reader to quickly read the important part of a longer source. Not original. Can be boring. If done poorly a summary can actually falsify the original source.

O.W. 10/05 rev 10/15

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*Organizing Strategy*	*Advantages of Strategy*	*Disadvantages of Strategy*
Chronological	Easy to write and to follow.	Sometimes too simplistic, may lack explanation.
Logical (Cause and Effect)	Simple, clean.	Cold, unfeeling. Chains of reasoning may be too complicated for readers to understand. May become boring.
Evidentiary	Factual, convincing.	Facts, figures, trends and statistics may sound lawyer-like and lack warmth,
Listing	Easy to write and understand.	Boring if done too often. Oversimplifies complex issues and situations.
Description	Picturesque, easy for reader to imagine.	Describes situations in a static form, rather than developing processes (like a painting or photo rather than the ongoing narrative that is reality).
Comparison/ Contrast	Easy to understand similarities and contrasts between two items.	Most often describes a static situation, rather than a developing relationship. Becomes too complex to understand if more than two items are compared or contrasted together. May oversimplify complex relationships.
Problem/ Solution/ Resolution	Easy to understand narrative of events or plans.	Long descriptions or narratives may lose the attention of readers. If resolution is not yet complete, may get into speculation instead of merely information.
Balance of Forces	Very easy for readers to understand opposing forces.	A type of comparison. Becomes too complex if more than two primary forces are involved in any opposing situation. Future projections may involve speculation.
Classification	Simple to read and write.	Boring.
Process Analysis	Explains dynamic processes clearly.	Recipe-like. Explanation of real-world processes can easily become too detailed or complex for readers to follow. Analysis of future steps in a process may involve speculation.
Compilation	Allows reader to access information from several sources, compare what they say.	Not original, only putting together what other sources say. If sources are not comparable a compilation becomes meaningless.
Summary	Allows reader to quickly read the important part of a longer source.	Not original. Can be boring. If done poorly a summary can actually falsify the original source.